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Pope Callixtus II
Pope Callixtus II or Callistus II (ca. 1065 – 13 December 1124), born Guy of Burgundy, reigned from 1 February 1119 to his death in 1124.〔John W. O'Malley, ''A History of the Popes: From Peter to the Present'', (Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2010), 116.〕 His pontificate was shaped by the Investiture Controversy, which he was able to settle through the Concordat of Worms in 1122.
==Early life==
Born the fourth son of William I, Count of Burgundy, one of the wealthiest rulers in Europe, Guy was a member of the highest aristocracy in Europe. His family was part of a network of noble alliances. He was a cousin of Arduin of Ivrea, the King of Italy. One sister, Gisela, was married to Humbert II, Count of Savoy, and then to Renier I of Montferrat; another sister, Maud, was the wife of Odo I, Duke of Burgundy. His brother Raymond was married to Urraca, the heiress of León, and fathered the future King Alfonso VII of León. His brother Hugh was an Archbishop of Besançon.〔Mary Stroll, ''Calixtus II (1119-1124): a pope born to rule'' (Brill, 2004)〕
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